In 1905, the state of Bengal was partitioned by Lord Curzon, Viceroy of India. This was highly resented by the people of Bengal and the famous Rabindranath Tagore penned a song "Amar Shonar Bangla", a tribute to Bengal. Needless to say, this helped in rallying the cause for unification, and it did happen in 1911.
Bengal was partitioned again in 1947 and renamed as East Pakistan, which declared independence from Pakistan, called itself Bangladesh and heaped enormous costs on India in the process(but you all know of that).
Now Bangladesh adopted "Amar Shonar Bangla" as its national anthem, which is ironical considering that it was meant for a united Bengal!!
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